# BiologicalX > Broad-spectrum biohacking, longevity, and human optimization. Evidence-led, vendor-agnostic, affiliate-funded content for people running self-experiments on sleep, cognition, metabolism, recovery, hormones, fitness, and nutrition. Every article declares an evidence tier (robust / moderate / preliminary / insufficient) and carries at least two primary-source citations. Calculators are stateless and client-side. No accounts, no data capture. ## Pillar articles - [Creatine Monohydrate Research Review: Meta-Analyses, Cognition](https://biologicalx.com/posts/creatine-living-review/): A living creatine monohydrate research review: mechanism of action, strength and cognition meta-analyses, aging RCTs, loading kinetics, safety. - [Medicine 3.0 Framework: Proactive Healthspan, Without the Religion](https://biologicalx.com/posts/medicine-3-framework/): The Medicine 3.0 framework tracks biomarkers in your 30s and 40s, treats risk before pathology, stacks lifestyle and tiered supplementation. - [Longevity Biomarkers Doctors Don't Test: 12 Labs Beyond a Physical](https://biologicalx.com/posts/what-your-doctor-isnt-testing/): Twelve longevity biomarkers skipped at annual physicals: apoB, Lp(a), fasting insulin, hs-CRP, DHEA-S, omega-3. What each measures, how to order blood tests. - [How to Read Medical Studies: Effect Size, Evidence Hierarchy, p-Values](https://biologicalx.com/posts/how-to-read-health-research/): How to read medical studies: spotting strong RCTs vs weak observational data, ranking evidence, and reading effect size before p-values. - [The 2026 Fat Loss Protocol: Boring Beats Clever](https://biologicalx.com/posts/fat-loss-protocol-2026/): A sequenced 16-week protocol for durable fat loss in healthy adults. Prioritizes lean mass retention, sleep, and behavior sustainability over thermogenic. - [Best Longevity Protocol 2026: Tier 1 First, Tier 3 Last](https://biologicalx.com/posts/longevity-stack-2026/): The best longevity protocol for healthspan extension: a tiered stack ranked by evidence, from Tier 1 essentials to Tier 3 experimental adds. - [Sleep Optimization Protocol: 8-Week Plan to Fix Broken Sleep](https://biologicalx.com/posts/sleep-optimization-protocol/): Sleep optimization protocol: an 8-week sequenced plan to fix broken sleep. Light, temperature, caffeine timing, magnesium glycinate, melatonin dosage. - [How to Improve Healthspan: A Beginner's Guide to Longevity Basics](https://biologicalx.com/posts/beginners-guide-to-healthspan/): How to improve healthspan, not just lifespan. Healthspan vs lifespan, longevity basics, and the protocols that actually move the needle, ranked. - [GLP-1 Weight Loss: Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Without the Muscle Loss](https://biologicalx.com/posts/glp1-and-body-composition/): GLP-1 weight loss with semaglutide or tirzepatide is real and durable. Protect body composition with protein, resistance training, and dose pacing. - [Understanding Sleep Architecture: Stages, Cycles](https://biologicalx.com/posts/sleep-architecture-primer/): Understanding sleep architecture: N1 to N3 stages, REM cycles, sleep onset latency, and why wearable deep-sleep scores are rough proxies. - [Zone 2 and VO2 Max: The Two Fitness Markers That Predict Longevity](https://biologicalx.com/posts/zone-2-and-vo2-max/): Zone 2 and VO2 max are the strongest fitness markers for longevity. How to train both, target heart rates, and weekly volume. ## Recent articles - [Alpha-GPC Dosage: 300, 600, or 1,200 mg? Evidence Map](https://biologicalx.com/posts/alpha-gpc-dosage/): Alpha-GPC dosage by goal: 300-600 mg/day for cognitive enhancement, 600 mg pre-training for power output, 1,200 mg/day for vascular cognitive impairment. - [Ashwagandha and L-Theanine: Stack for Stress + Focus](https://biologicalx.com/posts/ashwagandha-and-l-theanine/): Ashwagandha + L-theanine stack: ashwagandha 300-600 mg/day for chronic stress, L-theanine 100-200 mg as needed for acute focus. - [Best Longevity Supplements: Evidence-Tiered, Vendor-Agnostic](https://biologicalx.com/posts/best-longevity-supplements/): The longevity supplements with real human evidence: omega-3, vitamin D3+K2, magnesium glycinate, creatine. Tier-A foundation; Tier-B emerging. - [Best Supplements for Men Over 40: Tier-Ranked Guide](https://biologicalx.com/posts/best-supplements-for-men-over-40/): Best supplements for men over 40: tier-A foundation (creatine, omega-3, vitamin D3+K2, magnesium), plus age-specific picks (CoQ10 if on statins, ashwagandha. - [BPC-157 Dosage: Injection, Oral, Cycling Protocol](https://biologicalx.com/posts/bpc-157-dosage/): BPC-157 dosage protocols compared: 250-500 mcg/day subcutaneous (most-replicated preclinical), 500 mcg twice daily oral for gut-localized use, 4-6 week. - [Average Grip Strength: Norms, Targets, How to Improve](https://biologicalx.com/posts/grip-strength-average/): Average grip strength by age and sex, with longevity-tier targets. Men 40-54: average ~110-130 lbs, longevity-optimal 145+. - [How to Lengthen Telomeres: Diet, Exercise, What's Real](https://biologicalx.com/posts/how-to-lengthen-telomeres/): How to lengthen telomeres: lifestyle interventions (diet, exercise, stress reduction) have the strongest evidence (Ornish 2008). - [How to Take Creatine Monohydrate: Dose, Timing, Loading](https://biologicalx.com/posts/how-to-take-creatine-monohydrate/): How to take creatine monohydrate: 5 g/day continuous, no cycling, optional 20 g/day loading. Timing barely matters. With or without food. - [NSDR (Non-Sleep Deep Rest): Protocol, Evidence, Timing](https://biologicalx.com/posts/non-sleep-deep-rest/): NSDR (non-sleep deep rest) is the parasympathetic-shift practice popularized by Andrew Huberman, derived from yoga nidra. - [NAC vs Glutathione: Which to Take, When to Stack](https://biologicalx.com/posts/nac-vs-glutathione/): NAC vs glutathione: NAC is the cheaper, better-absorbed precursor; direct glutathione has bioavailability issues but works for specific cases. - [NR vs NMN: Which NAD+ Precursor Wins, by Evidence](https://biologicalx.com/posts/nr-vs-nmn/): NR vs NMN: NR has the larger human safety database, NMN has the more recent commercial momentum. Plasma NAD+ rises consistently for both. - [Urolithin A Side Effects: What the Trials Actually Show](https://biologicalx.com/posts/urolithin-a-side-effects/): Urolithin A side effects across human trials: clean safety record at 250-1000 mg/day. Mild GI upset most common. No liver, kidney, or cardiovascular signals. - [AMPK Activators: Mechanism, Foods, Supplements, Exercise](https://biologicalx.com/posts/ampk-activators/): AMPK is the cellular energy-sensor that triggers fat oxidation, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. What activates it, ranked by evidence: exercise. - [Biohacking Supplements: What's Evidence-Backed and What's Hype](https://biologicalx.com/posts/biohacking-supplements/): A vendor-agnostic guide to the biohacking supplements with real evidence. Ranked by tier, not by sponsorship. The honest list of what works for sleep. - [Senolytic Supplements: What Works (and Who Should Skip)](https://biologicalx.com/posts/senolytic-supplements/): Senolytic supplements promise to clear senescent cells. Which actually have human evidence: fisetin, quercetin + dasatinib, spermidine. - [TUDCA Supplement: Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects, Evidence](https://biologicalx.com/posts/tudca-supplement-benefits/): TUDCA is a bile-acid conjugate with replicated effects on liver function, bile flow, and ER stress. What the human evidence supports for liver, ALS, insulin. - [Animal vs Plant Protein for Muscle: What Beats Whey, and When](https://biologicalx.com/posts/animal-vs-plant-protein-hypertrophy/): Animal vs plant protein for muscle building: whey wins gram-for-gram via leucine threshold and DIAAS. - [Biomarker Quick Reference: 20 Common Lab Test Questions Answered](https://biologicalx.com/posts/biomarker-question-quickref/): A one-screen quick reference for the most-Googled blood-test questions. Each question links to the deep biomarker article. - [MCV and WBC Combined Reading: A Four-Quadrant Pattern Matrix](https://biologicalx.com/posts/mcv-wbc-combined-reading/): Read MCV and WBC together to resolve four clinical-pattern quadrants single-marker reading misses: B12 deficiency, iron deficiency, infection, and marrow. - [Protein Intake by Age: Lifecycle Targets, Anabolic Resistance](https://biologicalx.com/posts/protein-by-age-lifecycle-targets/): Protein intake by age: anabolic resistance after 50 raises optimal protein from 0.8 to 1.2-1.6 g/kg/day. ## Categories - [alpha-gpc](https://biologicalx.com/tag/alpha-gpc/): 1 articles - [dosage](https://biologicalx.com/tag/dosage/): 3 articles - [choline](https://biologicalx.com/tag/choline/): 1 articles - [nootropics](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nootropics/): 3 articles - [ashwagandha](https://biologicalx.com/tag/ashwagandha/): 1 articles - [l-theanine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/l-theanine/): 2 articles - [stress](https://biologicalx.com/tag/stress/): 4 articles - [cognition](https://biologicalx.com/tag/cognition/): 4 articles - [stack](https://biologicalx.com/tag/stack/): 4 articles - [longevity](https://biologicalx.com/tag/longevity/): 19 articles - [supplements](https://biologicalx.com/tag/supplements/): 6 articles - [healthspan](https://biologicalx.com/tag/healthspan/): 6 articles - [men-over-40](https://biologicalx.com/tag/men-over-40/): 1 articles - [hormones](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hormones/): 3 articles - [testosterone](https://biologicalx.com/tag/testosterone/): 2 articles - [bpc-157](https://biologicalx.com/tag/bpc-157/): 1 articles - [peptide](https://biologicalx.com/tag/peptide/): 1 articles - [recovery](https://biologicalx.com/tag/recovery/): 5 articles - [grip-strength](https://biologicalx.com/tag/grip-strength/): 1 articles - [biomarkers](https://biologicalx.com/tag/biomarkers/): 13 articles - [fitness](https://biologicalx.com/tag/fitness/): 3 articles - [telomeres](https://biologicalx.com/tag/telomeres/): 1 articles - [lifestyle](https://biologicalx.com/tag/lifestyle/): 1 articles - [telomerase](https://biologicalx.com/tag/telomerase/): 1 articles - [creatine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/creatine/): 5 articles - [nsdr](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nsdr/): 1 articles - [sleep](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sleep/): 5 articles - [parasympathetic](https://biologicalx.com/tag/parasympathetic/): 1 articles - [huberman](https://biologicalx.com/tag/huberman/): 1 articles - [nac](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nac/): 1 articles - [glutathione](https://biologicalx.com/tag/glutathione/): 1 articles - [antioxidant](https://biologicalx.com/tag/antioxidant/): 1 articles - [liver](https://biologicalx.com/tag/liver/): 3 articles - [nr](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nr/): 1 articles - [nmn](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nmn/): 1 articles - [nad](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nad/): 1 articles - [urolithin-a](https://biologicalx.com/tag/urolithin-a/): 1 articles - [side-effects](https://biologicalx.com/tag/side-effects/): 1 articles - [mitochondrial](https://biologicalx.com/tag/mitochondrial/): 2 articles - [ampk](https://biologicalx.com/tag/ampk/): 1 articles - [metabolism](https://biologicalx.com/tag/metabolism/): 2 articles - [mitochondria](https://biologicalx.com/tag/mitochondria/): 1 articles - [fasting](https://biologicalx.com/tag/fasting/): 3 articles - [biohacking](https://biologicalx.com/tag/biohacking/): 1 articles - [omega-3](https://biologicalx.com/tag/omega-3/): 2 articles - [senolytics](https://biologicalx.com/tag/senolytics/): 1 articles - [autophagy](https://biologicalx.com/tag/autophagy/): 1 articles - [fisetin](https://biologicalx.com/tag/fisetin/): 1 articles - [spermidine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/spermidine/): 1 articles - [tudca](https://biologicalx.com/tag/tudca/): 1 articles - [bile-acid](https://biologicalx.com/tag/bile-acid/): 1 articles - [protein](https://biologicalx.com/tag/protein/): 4 articles - [muscle](https://biologicalx.com/tag/muscle/): 3 articles - [whey](https://biologicalx.com/tag/whey/): 1 articles - [plant-protein](https://biologicalx.com/tag/plant-protein/): 1 articles - [leucine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/leucine/): 3 articles - [hypertrophy](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hypertrophy/): 2 articles - [sarcopenia](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sarcopenia/): 3 articles - [blood-test](https://biologicalx.com/tag/blood-test/): 2 articles - [lab-test](https://biologicalx.com/tag/lab-test/): 1 articles - [faq](https://biologicalx.com/tag/faq/): 1 articles - [reference](https://biologicalx.com/tag/reference/): 1 articles - [cbc](https://biologicalx.com/tag/cbc/): 1 articles - [mcv](https://biologicalx.com/tag/mcv/): 2 articles - [wbc](https://biologicalx.com/tag/wbc/): 2 articles - [hematology](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hematology/): 1 articles - [aging](https://biologicalx.com/tag/aging/): 3 articles - [anabolic-resistance](https://biologicalx.com/tag/anabolic-resistance/): 1 articles - [lifecycle](https://biologicalx.com/tag/lifecycle/): 1 articles - [sleep-stack](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sleep-stack/): 1 articles - [magnesium](https://biologicalx.com/tag/magnesium/): 1 articles - [apigenin](https://biologicalx.com/tag/apigenin/): 1 articles - [glycine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/glycine/): 1 articles - [melatonin](https://biologicalx.com/tag/melatonin/): 1 articles - [sleep-tracking](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sleep-tracking/): 2 articles - [sleep-diary](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sleep-diary/): 1 articles - [wearables](https://biologicalx.com/tag/wearables/): 6 articles - [oura](https://biologicalx.com/tag/oura/): 3 articles - [whoop](https://biologicalx.com/tag/whoop/): 3 articles - [sleep-architecture](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sleep-architecture/): 2 articles - [sports-science](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sports-science/): 1 articles - [medicine-3](https://biologicalx.com/tag/medicine-3/): 1 articles - [attia](https://biologicalx.com/tag/attia/): 1 articles - [framework](https://biologicalx.com/tag/framework/): 1 articles - [pillar](https://biologicalx.com/tag/pillar/): 5 articles - [protocol](https://biologicalx.com/tag/protocol/): 1 articles - [n-of-1](https://biologicalx.com/tag/n-of-1/): 1 articles - [nootropic](https://biologicalx.com/tag/nootropic/): 1 articles - [blood-tests](https://biologicalx.com/tag/blood-tests/): 10 articles - [biological-age](https://biologicalx.com/tag/biological-age/): 10 articles - [alkaline-phosphatase](https://biologicalx.com/tag/alkaline-phosphatase/): 1 articles - [albumin](https://biologicalx.com/tag/albumin/): 1 articles - [creatinine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/creatinine/): 1 articles - [kidney](https://biologicalx.com/tag/kidney/): 1 articles - [glucose](https://biologicalx.com/tag/glucose/): 3 articles - [inflammation](https://biologicalx.com/tag/inflammation/): 2 articles - [crp](https://biologicalx.com/tag/crp/): 1 articles - [methodology](https://biologicalx.com/tag/methodology/): 1 articles - [evidence](https://biologicalx.com/tag/evidence/): 1 articles - [research-literacy](https://biologicalx.com/tag/research-literacy/): 1 articles - [statistics](https://biologicalx.com/tag/statistics/): 1 articles - [lymphocytes](https://biologicalx.com/tag/lymphocytes/): 1 articles - [immune](https://biologicalx.com/tag/immune/): 1 articles - [anemia](https://biologicalx.com/tag/anemia/): 2 articles - [rdw](https://biologicalx.com/tag/rdw/): 1 articles - [cgm](https://biologicalx.com/tag/cgm/): 2 articles - [breathwork](https://biologicalx.com/tag/breathwork/): 1 articles - [hrv](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hrv/): 3 articles - [protocols](https://biologicalx.com/tag/protocols/): 10 articles - [telomere](https://biologicalx.com/tag/telomere/): 1 articles - [mental-health](https://biologicalx.com/tag/mental-health/): 1 articles - [caffeine](https://biologicalx.com/tag/caffeine/): 1 articles - [focus](https://biologicalx.com/tag/focus/): 1 articles - [cortisol](https://biologicalx.com/tag/cortisol/): 1 articles - [hpa](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hpa/): 1 articles - [testing](https://biologicalx.com/tag/testing/): 1 articles - [basics](https://biologicalx.com/tag/basics/): 4 articles - [cold](https://biologicalx.com/tag/cold/): 2 articles - [mood](https://biologicalx.com/tag/mood/): 1 articles - [brown-fat](https://biologicalx.com/tag/brown-fat/): 1 articles - [finasteride](https://biologicalx.com/tag/finasteride/): 1 articles - [dht](https://biologicalx.com/tag/dht/): 1 articles - [hair-loss](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hair-loss/): 1 articles - [pharmaceuticals](https://biologicalx.com/tag/pharmaceuticals/): 3 articles - [fat-loss](https://biologicalx.com/tag/fat-loss/): 1 articles - [body-composition](https://biologicalx.com/tag/body-composition/): 2 articles - [habits](https://biologicalx.com/tag/habits/): 1 articles - [behavior-change](https://biologicalx.com/tag/behavior-change/): 1 articles - [tre](https://biologicalx.com/tag/tre/): 1 articles - [5-2](https://biologicalx.com/tag/5-2/): 1 articles - [training](https://biologicalx.com/tag/training/): 1 articles - [lipids](https://biologicalx.com/tag/lipids/): 2 articles - [apob](https://biologicalx.com/tag/apob/): 2 articles - [cardiovascular](https://biologicalx.com/tag/cardiovascular/): 6 articles - [lab-panels](https://biologicalx.com/tag/lab-panels/): 2 articles - [male-fertility](https://biologicalx.com/tag/male-fertility/): 1 articles - [trt](https://biologicalx.com/tag/trt/): 2 articles - [meal-timing](https://biologicalx.com/tag/meal-timing/): 1 articles - [circadian](https://biologicalx.com/tag/circadian/): 1 articles - [metformin](https://biologicalx.com/tag/metformin/): 1 articles - [epa](https://biologicalx.com/tag/epa/): 1 articles - [dha](https://biologicalx.com/tag/dha/): 1 articles - [orthosomnia](https://biologicalx.com/tag/orthosomnia/): 1 articles - [self-tracking](https://biologicalx.com/tag/self-tracking/): 1 articles - [perimenopause](https://biologicalx.com/tag/perimenopause/): 2 articles - [menopause](https://biologicalx.com/tag/menopause/): 1 articles - [hrt](https://biologicalx.com/tag/hrt/): 2 articles - [plant-based](https://biologicalx.com/tag/plant-based/): 1 articles - [diaas](https://biologicalx.com/tag/diaas/): 1 articles - [rapamycin](https://biologicalx.com/tag/rapamycin/): 1 articles - [mtor](https://biologicalx.com/tag/mtor/): 1 articles - [resistance-training](https://biologicalx.com/tag/resistance-training/): 1 articles - [minimum-effective-dose](https://biologicalx.com/tag/minimum-effective-dose/): 1 articles - [sauna](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sauna/): 2 articles - [heat](https://biologicalx.com/tag/heat/): 1 articles - [sleep-hygiene](https://biologicalx.com/tag/sleep-hygiene/): 1 articles - [statins](https://biologicalx.com/tag/statins/): 1 articles - [vitamin-d](https://biologicalx.com/tag/vitamin-d/): 1 articles - [vitamin-k2](https://biologicalx.com/tag/vitamin-k2/): 1 articles - [bone](https://biologicalx.com/tag/bone/): 1 articles - [walking](https://biologicalx.com/tag/walking/): 1 articles - [neat](https://biologicalx.com/tag/neat/): 1 articles - [apple-watch](https://biologicalx.com/tag/apple-watch/): 1 articles - [glp-1](https://biologicalx.com/tag/glp-1/): 1 articles - [semaglutide](https://biologicalx.com/tag/semaglutide/): 1 articles - [meta](https://biologicalx.com/tag/meta/): 1 articles - [launch](https://biologicalx.com/tag/launch/): 1 articles - [zone-2](https://biologicalx.com/tag/zone-2/): 1 articles - [vo2-max](https://biologicalx.com/tag/vo2-max/): 1 articles ## Compound directory - [Alpha-GPC](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/alpha-gpc/): Alpha GPC supplement profile: 300 to 600 mg dosage, acetylcholine synthesis, attention and reaction-time evidence, side effects, and choline donor comparisons. - [Alpha-Lipoic Acid](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/alpha-lipoic-acid/): Alpha lipoic acid supplement guide: 600 mg/day oral dosing, R-ALA vs racemic absorption, neuropathy trial data, antioxidant mechanism, interactions. - [AOD-9604](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/aod-9604/): AOD 9604 peptide: 16-amino-acid hGH fragment 176-191. Preclinical lipolytic activity, phase 2 obesity trial showed no weight loss vs placebo. - [Armodafinil](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/armodafinil/): Armodafinil is the R-enantiomer sold as Nuvigil. Half-life 10-15 h, 150 mg standard dose, narcolepsy and shift-work approvals, Schedule IV. - [Ashwagandha](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/ashwagandha/): Ashwagandha supplement guide: KSM-66 and Sensoril extracts at 300-600 mg/day cut morning cortisol and stress in RCTs. Dose, side effects, testosterone data. - [Berberine](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/berberine/): Berberine supplement guide: 1500 mg/day lowers fasting glucose and HbA1c, AMPK activation, metformin parity in RCTs, dihydroberberine absorption. - [BPC-157](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/bpc-157/): BPC-157 peptide profile: pentadecapeptide body protection compound 157. Preclinical data on tendon, gut healing, recovery. No human RCTs as of 2026. - [Bromantane](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/bromantane/): Bromantane, the Russian nootropic sold as Ladasten (ADK-709), acts on dopamine to cut fatigue and anxiety without classical stimulant rebound. - [Citicoline](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/citicoline/): Citicoline supplement profile: CDP-choline as a phosphatidylcholine precursor, Cognizin dosing 250-2000 mg, cognition trials, stroke recovery evidence. - [CJC-1295](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/cjc-1295/): CJC-1295 peptide profile: GHRH analog forms (with-DAC ~7-day half-life, no-DAC Mod GRF 1-29 ~30 min), ipamorelin pairing, recovery use, dosing, side effects. - [Clomiphene](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/clomiphene/): Clomiphene citrate raises LH/FSH and endogenous testosterone in men. SERM TRT alternative, 25 to 50 mg, fertility preserved, visual side effects flagged. - [Coenzyme Q10](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/coq10/): CoQ10 supplement guide: 100 to 300 mg/day dosing, ubiquinol vs ubiquinone absorption, Q-SYMBIO heart failure data, statin myalgia evidence. - [Creatine Monohydrate](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/creatine-monohydrate/): Creatine monohydrate supplement guide: 3-5 g/day raises phosphocreatine stores, lifts anaerobic output 5-15%, supports lean mass and cognition under sleep loss. - [Curcumin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/curcumin/): Curcumin supplement guide: turmeric extract at 500-1000 mg/day, piperine and Meriva for absorption, evidence in joint inflammation and mood. - [DHEA](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/dhea/): DHEA supplement profile: adrenal androgen precursor, typical 25-50 mg dose, DHEA-S targets, evidence for adrenal insufficiency and vaginal atrophy, side effec. - [EGCG](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/egcg/): EGCG supplement guide: 300-600 mg/day green tea catechin for fat loss and cardiovascular markers. Hepatotoxicity risk above 800 mg/day fasted. - [Epitalon](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/epitalon/): Epitalon peptide (Epithalon, tetrapeptide AEDG): telomerase activation, lifespan extension data, anti-aging trials, dosage, half-life, and safety. - [Fisetin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/fisetin/): Fisetin is a flavonoid found in strawberries with senolytic activity in mouse models. Hickson 2019 confirmed senescent-cell clearance in human adipose tissue. - [GHK-Cu](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/ghk-cu/): GHK-Cu peptide (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper) is a topical copper peptide. Trials show fine-line and wound-healing gains; injectable longevity claims rem. - [GHRP-2](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/ghrp-2/): GHRP-2 peptide (pralmorelin, KP-102) is a synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist that triggers pulsatile growth hormone release via the pituitary. - [GHRP-6](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/ghrp-6/): First-generation hexapeptide ghrelin-receptor agonist. Pioneered the GHS-R1a pathway in the 1980s. Produces the strongest hunger response among GHRPs and a mo. - [Glutathione](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/glutathione/): Glutathione (GSH) is the body's primary intracellular antioxidant. Oral supplementation has variable bioavailability; sublingual, liposomal, and IV forms. - [Hexarelin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/hexarelin/): Hexarelin peptide is a ghrelin-receptor hexapeptide. Largest acute GH pulse in the GHRP class, highest cortisol and prolactin lift, CD36 cardioprotective sign. - [Ipamorelin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/ipamorelin/): Ipamorelin peptide benefits: selective ghrelin-receptor GHRP, 200 to 300 mcg dosage, GH pulse without cortisol or prolactin rise, CJC-1295 stack vs sermorelin. - [L-Theanine](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/l-theanine/): L-theanine is a non-protein amino acid found in tea leaves. The most-replicated nootropic; pairs with caffeine at 1:1 (100-200 mg each) for acute focus. - [Lion's Mane](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/lions-mane/): Lion's mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) supplement profile: hericenones and erinacines stimulate NGF in vitro. Human cognition trials are small. - [Low-Dose Naltrexone](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/low-dose-naltrexone/): Low dose naltrexone at 1.5 to 4.5 mg, one-tenth the 50 mg addiction dose. Compounded Rx. Small trials in fibromyalgia, Crohn's, Hashimoto's. - [Magnesium Glycinate](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/magnesium-glycinate/): Magnesium glycinate supplement guide: chelated bisglycinate form, 200 to 400 mg dosage, sleep architecture benefits, low GI side effects, glycine co-effect. - [Magnesium L-Threonate](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/magnesium-threonate/): Magnesium l-threonate (Magtein) crosses the blood-brain barrier. Typical dose 1,500-2,000 mg. Sleep and cognitive trial data, side effects. - [Melatonin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/melatonin/): Melatonin as a sleep supplement: 0.3-1 mg matches physiological output, 3-10 mg is pharmacological. Shifts circadian phase, shortens sleep latency. - [Metformin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/metformin/): Metformin for longevity: biguanide mechanism of action, TAME trial status, anti-aging dosage, weight loss data, life extension evidence in non-diabetics. - [Methylene Blue](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/methylene-blue/): Methylene blue as a nootropic: low-dose cognitive enhancement, mitochondrial electron cycling, brain oxygen uptake, SSRI interaction risk, typical 0.5 to 4 mg. - [Modafinil](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/modafinil/): Modafinil cognitive enhancement profile: wakefulness-promoting agent, 100-200 mg dosing, 12-15 hour half-life, off-label nootropic use, Schedule IV status. - [MOTS-c](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/mots-c/): MOTS-c peptide is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide. Preclinical signals for insulin sensitivity, exercise capacity, dosage notes. - [N-Acetyl Cysteine](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/nac/): NAC supplement benefits cover glutathione synthesis, liver and antioxidant support, and hangover recovery. Evidence strongest at 1200-2400 mg/day. - [Nicotinamide Riboside](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/nicotinamide-riboside/): Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is the most-studied NAD+ precursor in humans. Sold as Niagen by Chromadex; raises plasma NAD+ 30-60% at 250-1,000 mg/day. - [NMN](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/nmn/): NMN supplements are oral nicotinamide mononucleotide capsules sold for longevity, energy, and metabolic health. They raise plasma NAD+ 30-90% at 250-1000. - [Noopept](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/noopept/): Noopept cognitive enhancer profile: 10 to 30 mg dosage, dipeptide nootropic mechanism, memory effects, and how it compares to piracetam. - [Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/omega-3/): Omega 3 fish oil profile: EPA/DHA marine fatty acids, 2-4 g/day cuts triglycerides 20-30%, REDUCE-IT showed 25% cardiovascular risk reduction on icosapent eth. - [PT-141](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/pt-141/): PT-141 peptide (bremelanotide, Vyleesi): MC4R agonist for libido and erectile dysfunction. 1.75 mg subcutaneous, 30 to 60 min onset, 2 to 4 h half-life. - [Rapamycin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/rapamycin/): Rapamycin for longevity: sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor with ITP mouse lifespan data. Off-label geroprotective dosing remains investigational. - [Selank](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/selank/): Selank peptide benefits: tuftsin analog heptapeptide, intranasal anxiolytic and nootropic. Russian clinical data, dosing, half-life, safety. - [Semaglutide](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/semaglutide/): Semaglutide for weight loss: GLP-1 agonist (Ozempic, Wegovy) drives 15-17% mean loss at 2.4 mg/week in STEP trials. Watch lean-mass loss. - [Semax](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/semax/): Semax peptide benefits: nootropic ACTH(4-10) analog without corticotropic activity. Cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, intranasal dosing, Russian stroke. - [Sermorelin](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/sermorelin/): Sermorelin peptide therapy uses a 29-amino-acid GHRH analog to raise endogenous GH. Dosing, half-life, sermorelin vs ipamorelin, and safety. - [Spermidine](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/spermidine/): Spermidine supplement benefits cover autophagy induction, longevity signals, and cognition. Wheat germ extract data, doses, and human trials reviewed. - [TB-500](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/tb-500/): TB-500 peptide, a 17-aa thymosin beta-4 fragment. Preclinical tendon and wound healing via actin sequestration. Typical dosage 2 to 5 mg weekly. No human RCTs. - [Testosterone](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/testosterone/): Testosterone replacement therapy for hypogonadism: TRAVERSE 2023 cardiovascular data, cypionate dosing, body composition gains, Schedule III status. - [Thymosin Alpha-1](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/thymosin-alpha-1/): Thymosin alpha-1 peptide (Zadaxin, thymalfasin): 28-amino-acid TA1 immunomodulator. Dosing, T-cell effects, hepatitis B and HCV adjunct evidence. - [Tirzepatide](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/tirzepatide/): Tirzepatide for weight loss: dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist sold as Mounjaro and Zepbound. SURMOUNT-1 showed 22.5% mean body-weight loss at 15 mg over 72 weeks. - [TUDCA](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/tudca/): TUDCA is the taurine-conjugated form of ursodeoxycholic acid, a bile-acid molecule with replicated effects on liver function, ER stress, and bile flow. - [Urolithin A](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/urolithin-a/): Urolithin A supplement guide: pomegranate-derived metabolite, 500-1000 mg Mitopure dosing, mitophagy and muscle endurance evidence. - [Vitamin D3 + K2](https://biologicalx.com/compounds/vitamin-d3-k2/): Vitamin D3 K2 supplement profile: cholecalciferol at 1000-4000 IU/day corrects deficiency, MK-7 directs calcium to bone, away from arteries. ## Vendor reviews - [Amazon](https://biologicalx.com/vendors/amazon/) (trust 7/10): Amazon Associates is biologicalx's general-merchandise affiliate vendor. We link only to canonical Brand Store listings to avoid third-party Buy Box counterfeit risk. 24-hour cookie window. ## Calculators - [Reconstitution](https://biologicalx.com/tools/reconstitution/): BAC water volume + syringe units - [Dosage](https://biologicalx.com/tools/dosage/): weight-based dosing with kg/lb conversion - [Half-Life Visualizer](https://biologicalx.com/tools/half-life/): plasma concentration over time - [Cost-per-Dose](https://biologicalx.com/tools/cost-per-dose/): per dose, week, month, vials - [Biological Age](https://biologicalx.com/tools/biological-age/): Levine PhenoAge from bloodwork - [Cycling Generator](https://biologicalx.com/tools/cycling-generator/): on/off protocols with tolerance rationale - [Macro Calculator](https://biologicalx.com/tools/macro-calculator/): Mifflin-St Jeor TDEE + macros - [VO2 Max Estimator](https://biologicalx.com/tools/vo2max-estimator/): Cooper, Rockport, Uth-Sorensen ## Editorial standards - [About](https://biologicalx.com/about/): methodology, evidence tiers, who writes - [Research index](https://biologicalx.com/research-index/): freshness dashboard (180-day review window) - [Affiliate disclosure](https://biologicalx.com/legal/disclosure/): how we are funded - [Privacy](https://biologicalx.com/legal/privacy/): data handling - [Terms](https://biologicalx.com/legal/terms/): scope of information vs medical advice ## Machine-readable - Sitemap: https://biologicalx.com/sitemap-index.xml - RSS: https://biologicalx.com/rss.xml - Search index: https://biologicalx.com/search-index.json - Full content bundle: https://biologicalx.com/llms-full.txt - Structured manifest: https://biologicalx.com/llms.json